Moreover, the drug has to be delivered at a specified controlled rate and at the target site as precisely as possible to achieve maximum efficacy and safety. Without an efficient delivery mechanism, the whole therapeutic process can be rendered useless. Conventional drug delivery systems (tablets, capsules, syrups, ointments, etc.) suffer from poor bioavailability and fluctuations in plasma drug level and are unable to achieve sustained release. The drug delivery system enables the release of the active pharmaceutical ingredient to achieve a desired therapeutic response. The key findings of the study demonstrate that a stable sustained-release suspension of cinnarizine can be formulated using raft-forming approach for increased bioavailability and patient-convenience. The dissolution was conducted through USP apparatus 2 (paddle type) in 0.1N hydrochloric acid medium having pH 1.2. The formulations were subjected for determination of floating time, floating lag time, weight of the raft, physical appearance and in-vitro dissolution. Cinnarizine sustained-release suspensions were prepared by physical mixing method with varying concentrations and combinations of HPC, sodium citrate, sodium saccharin, calcium carbonate, sodium alginate, methyl hydroxybenzoate and propyl hydroxybenzoate. This innovative approach has been utilized to formulate a series of suspension formulations using hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) as a release-retardant polymeric agent. The main objective of this research was to develop a sustained-release suspension of cinnarizine hydrochloride using raft-forming technique. The ethanolic extract of Annona muricata seeds was appropriately formulated into standardized solid and liquid oral dosage forms. The formulated capsules passed the in vitro dissolution studies, weight uniformity, disintegration, and drug content tests. Annona muricata suspension exhibited pseudoplastic flow with good sedimentation rate and sedimentation volume. The formulated suspension passed the drug content and in vitro release studies. The suspension formulated was assessed for sedimentation rate, sedimentation volume, viscosity, dissolution, drug content, and flow rate, while pharmacopeia tests such as disintegration, dissolution, uniformity of weight, and drug content were carried out on the formulated capsules. The dried ethanolic extract was formulated into granules and subsequently encapsulated. This study sought to formulate capsules and suspensions using the ethanolic extract from Annona muricata seeds. Recent scientific studies have confirmed the folkloric use of its seeds as an antidiarrheal agent. The present review provides an overview of various aspects of suspensions such as classification of suspensions, theories of suspensions, various suspending agents, formulations aspects of suspensions, packaging of suspensions, evaluation of suspensions, stability of suspensions and recent research work that is being carried on suspensions.Īnnona muricata (Annonaceae) is a tropical plant widely known for its edible fruits. In addition, when compared to solution dosage forms, relatively higher concentration of drugs can be incorporated into suspension products. The advantages of suspension dosage forms include effective dispensing of hydrophobic drugs avoidance of the use of cosolvents masking of unpleasant taste of certain ingredients offering resistance to degradation of drugs due to hydrolysis, oxidation or microbial activity easy swallowing for young or elderly patients and efficient intramuscular depot therapy. Suspensions are an important class of pharmaceutical dosage forms. However, it is difficult and also impractical to impose a sharp boundary between the suspensions and the dispersions having finer particles. The particle diameter in a suspension is usually greater than 0.5 µm. A pharmaceutical suspension is a coarse dispersion of insoluble solid particles in a liquid medium.
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